Mermaid Purse vs. Skate Case

Perhaps youve found a mermaids purse on the beach. Mermaids purses blend really well with seaweed, so you may also have walked right by one. Upon further investigation, you can learn more about what they are. The enchantingly named structures are the egg cases of skates and some sharks. This is why they are also known as skate cases. While some sharks bear live young, some sharks (and all skates) release their embryos in leathery egg cases that have horns and sometimes long tendrils at each corner. The tendrils allow them to anchor to seaweeds or other substrates. Each egg case contains one embryo. The case is made up of a material that is a combination of collagen and keratin, so a dried egg case feels similar to a fingernail.   In some areas, such as in the Bering Sea, skates seem to lay these eggs in nursery areas.  Depending on the species and sea conditions, the embryo may take weeks, months or even years to fully develop. When they hatch out of one end, the baby animals look like miniature versions of their skate or shark parents.   If you find a mermaids purse on the beach or are lucky enough to see a live one in the wild or in an aquarium, look closely -- if the developing skate or shark is still alive, you may be able to see it wiggling around.  You also may be able to see it if you shine a light through one side. The egg cases on the beach are often light and already opened, which means the animal inside has already hatched and left the egg case.   Where to Find a Mermaids Purse Mermaids purses usually get washed or blown to the high tide line of the beach, and they often get wrapped up in (and blend in well with) seaweeds and shells. As youre walking along the beach, walk in the area where shells and ocean debris seems to have washed up, and you might be lucky enough to find a mermaids purse. You may be more likely to find one after a storm.   Mermaids Purse Identification Found a mermaids purse on the beach and want to know where it is from?  Skate and shark species vary by region, but there are some identification guides out there for you beachcombers wanting to identify your finds. Here are the ones Ive found so far: Egg Cases of Alaska (great pamphlet about where baby skates come from)Shark Trust Egg Case Identification Key (UK) Conservation Factors To learn about population sizes and reproduction, some organizations have launched citizen science efforts to have people report and send in egg cases they find on the beach. Click on the links below for more information on reporting mermaids purses that you may find. The Great Egg Case Hunt (Shark Trust, UK)Marine Dimensions (Ireland) References and More Information Florida Museum of Natural History. Shark Biology. Accessed February 28, 2015.Florida Museum of Natural History. Ray and Skate Biology. Accessed February 28, 2015.Shark Trust. The Great Egg Case Hunt Project: Frequently Asked Questions. Accessed February 28, 2015.Weis, J. S. Do Fish Sleep? Fascinating Answers to Questions About Fishes. Rutgers University Press. 217pp.

Being A Slave Worthy Of Manhood - 1149 Words

Being a Slave Worthy of Manhood In the narrative The Life of Frederick Douglass, it is clear that Douglas had a very strong option about the differences between men. He did not seem to have the common out look in the differences between free men and slave, but rather something deeper. He believed that a slave with out hope or drive for a better life was not a true man, but that a true man was someone who was able to respect himself and become someone worthy of respect from others. Throughout, the story of Fredrick Douglass there seems to be many turning points in his journey to becoming what be defined as a man. Douglass seems to believe that even those men that enslaved him are not true men, but that man who was enslaved could become true men by gaining respect and working to better their lot everyday whether enslaved or free. In the beginning of Frederick Douglass s life he was sent to the city to work for a master there. Here Frederick Douglass shows many attributes of a strong growing intelligent man. He shows great respect for himself and even makes strives to better himself as a strong man. He starts by learning his letters from any place in which he is able and even teaches himself how to read. He seems to respect not only himself, but also the boys around him that help him to learn and be the man he was. These are the first examples of true positive men in his life. He never gives a name to these boys but it is clear the respect he holds for them and the gratitudeShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Macbeth894 Words   |  4 PagesZoe Lyon Mrs. Calland Honors CP English 9 13 December 2017 Manhood, Masculinity, and Gender Roles in Macbeth Gender stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about the roles of each gender. In the play Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare shows these stereotypes through the characters and their conflicts and challenges. Throughout the play, we develop an understanding about how the characters’ perspectives on what manhood and masculinity means, plays a huge part in the decisions they makeRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglas s Narrative Of The Life Of A Slave Girl1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmiddle 1800s in southern states, Frederick Douglas highlights the brutal aspects of slavery as he transitions into adulthood and seeks to obtain freedom, something that serves as a source of inspiration for former slaves. Similarly in the slave narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs depicts Linda’s journey to freeing herself from the powerful grasp of slavery while trying to save her relationships with others at the same time. Frederick Douglass and Harrie t Jacobs share theirRead MoreComparing The Slavery Of Frederick Douglass And Harriot Jacobs828 Words   |  4 PagesGiselle Cervantes Professor Baughn History 11 23 October 2017 Slave Narratives Slavery was something cruel and unhuman that many of our brothers and sisters endured. For many years colored men, woman, and children did not have much to live with. The description of the two different narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriot Jacobs are quite distinct, yet so alike in through their experiences as slaves. A similarity between Douglass and Jacobs narratives was that they both described theirRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s identities are influenced by two opposite societies, and even though he tries to prove his manhood and change the framework of brave new world, he can’t gain real acceptance from anywhere. John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savage reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world andRead MoreWho Is The African - American Women ? What Value Does She1774 Words   |  8 Pagesthe constitution. However, we quickly forget that originally when African people came to America they were called â€Å"Savages† (Azevedo 482) this term became the identity of the slaves in America. They were vie wed as subhuman, simple beings, and that they needed guidance to function. The fate of African-American female slaves were victims of â€Å"rape and sexual violence...and African American women have borne the children of their beloved and the children of their oppressors.† (Azevedo 485) â€Å"The idea thatRead MoreJohns Character Development A Brave New World1394 Words   |  6 PagesIn Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s identities are influenced by two opposite societies, and even though he tries to prove his manhood and change the framework of brave new world, he can’t gain real acceptance from anywhere. John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savage reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world andRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Frederick Douglass1251 Words   |  6 Pageswas hopeful as a slave while sharing knowledge to others, plotting escape, and starting his new life as a free man. He also appeals to pathos throughout the entire piece. It would be difficult to describe a life of a slave without doing so, and is caught in his emotions several times. He mentions looking back to the songs the slaves sang and the very thought brings him to tears. His emotions were made apparent when he would describe the separation between him and the few slaves he wished to escapeRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved, Traumatic Memories From The Past Linger1470 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeper meaning; it is when an advantage over another being is unnecessarily used to inflict lasting damage and humiliation out of pleasure and self-fulfillment from the perpetrator. As seen in author Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, traumatic memories from the past linger among the characters as they try to deal with slavery’s scars and move forward in life. Cruelty ap pears in the novel through the people who profited from dehumanizing slaves and the victims who lived under oppression, which showsRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1023 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought from his homeland of Malpais to London. When he arrives he finds that this world is very different from his own. Saddened and angered by the injustice of the society, he attempts to isolate himself from the world. John the Savage’s experience of being exiled from Malpais was enriching in that it showed him the true nature of the Other Place and alienating in that he was separated from his culture and not able to integrate into the new one. This illuminates the meaning of the work in that it showsRead MoreThe Black American Symbol Of Courage, Tenacity, And Gallantry1505 Words   |  7 Pagesand cotton. A lion attacted one of his goats and he did not run. 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Media Bias in the Election of 2008 Free Essays

Connie Zhang Media Bias Against Hilary Clinton in the Election of 2008 The election of 2008 was monumental in many respects, the most significant being the fact that there was a chance that the first woman or African American would become president of the United States. After Obama won the nomination, claims that the media had been negative and unfair to Clinton were examined. In earlier studies conducted by D’Alessio and Allen, it was concluded there were no significant biases in most forms of media. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Bias in the Election of 2008 or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, from the focus of her marriage to the questioning of her social conduct, Clinton was definitely treated differently than Obama was. It is very evident that there was, in fact, negative bias towards Clinton, although it was not as numerous and severe as it seemed to be due to historical, situational, and personal matters. Using meta-analysis, a method that allows for the combination of many studies from relatively few media outlets, D’Alessio and Allen revealed no significant net amount of gatekeeping bias and no significant coverage bias. However, statement bias found in newsmagazines was pro-republican, and those found on TV were pro-democrat. The key here is that the â€Å"net† amount of gatekeeping bias was equal to zero. What this meant was that the number of conservatively biased forms of media was equal to the number of liberally biased forms of media. If someone only read a republican-favoring newspaper, then individually, he would be experiencing media biases which would impact his voting choices despite the fact that â€Å"net† amount of gatekeeping biases was equal to zero. Another important fact demonstrated in this study is that Americans are increasingly relying on TV for campaign information, so they are increasingly exposed to liberal biases, further affecting their political choices. Although D’Alessio and Mike Allen are certainly correct in their claim that the identities of the presidential candidates changed many times, biases most definitely existed in the election of 2008. Using a positive versus negative coverage analysis, Moldovan found substantial evidence that Clinton received less coverage than Obama did. Historically, this trend has been recorded, and in 2008, it held true even when the female candidate, Clinton, was a front runner. Six top newspapers ran 59 stories with Obama being mentioned in the headline, while only 36 mentioned Clinton. Between January 2007 and June 2008, 343 articles were written about Obama, while only 293 were focused on Clinton. In Time magazine, 2 covers featured Clinton, 2 covers featured both Clinton and Obama, and a whopping 25 covers featured Obama only. Clearly, there is a bias favoring Obama in the case of agenda setting. Additionally, Moldovan found that coverage of Clinton was more negatively framed than Obama’s was, in both specific cases and in general. When Clinton cried after winning the New Hampshire primaries, there was plenty of coverage deeming her a phony trying to rally emotional support as a woman, whereas her victory was extremely likely due to her administration’s superior organization in that state. In contrast, Obama’s condescending â€Å"You’re likeable enough, Hillary†, remark, received substantially less time and focus. Another example where treatment of Obama was not was not as harsh or prolonged as it could have been was in regards to Michelle Obama’s remark about being proud of her country â€Å"for the first time in her life†. Furthermore, the treatment towards Obama’s connections to anti-American individuals, such as his former reverend Jeremiah Wright, was softer in comparison to criticism of Clinton’s fashion, lack of womanly characteristics, and marriage. Overall, Clinton’s coverage was more negative than Obama’s, from the amount the media covered her weaknesses to the way it framed them. But all the biases claimed to have existed may not really have been actual biases, as Moldovan further explains. Some may have only been believed to been there as a result of historical, situational, and personal situations. The year 2008 was a crucial time. The country was in the worst recession since the Great Depression, with foreign tensions only aggravating the situation. Despite Clinton’s political prowess, her marriage to Bill Clinton and its scandalous complications gave her a very â€Å"yesterday† feeling that Americans did not need in such a dire time. Additionally, her refusal to disclose her tax returns increased the feelings of secrecy that retrogressively reminded people of the Nixon and Bush administration. Furthermore, coming out of George W. Bush’s rule, the fact that she was a Clinton added to the feeling of the persistence of a family dynasty that Americans did not want again. Finally, Clinton’s approach to the campaign itself was not only perceived negatively, but was in fact negative. Clinton’s method to winning focused on questioning Obama’s foreign policy experience, military capabilities, and economic policies. Her offensive remarks about Obama’s kindergarten essay and her red phone call ad were things that didn’t need the media’s framing or bias for people to recognize that they were disrespectful and unappealing. Although the press unnecessarily focused on these negative aspects, it cannot be denied that most of Clinton’s campaign was, in fact negative in itself due to the fact that it had been an attack on Obama’s flaws as a person, rather than a logical and fair assessment of his abilities and potential as a leader (Moldovan, 2009). When coupled with the fact that Obama revealed his maturity and professionalism by focusing on substance rather than resorting to mud-slinging, the situation worsened for Clinton. Additionally, the most negative coverage about Obama may have emphasized a trait that would have been unattractive in other times, but in this situation, served to help him. The media revealed Obama’s â€Å"elitism†, from his food choices, to his education, to his up-scale Chicago neighborhood. Normally, this would have harmed a candidate’s campaign, but in 2008 when Americans really needed a talented and intelligent president, it seemed to make sense to want more than just an average American candidate. Despite his race and lack of professional experience, in contrast to Clinton’s feelings of backwardness and her attack tactics, Obama’s youthful charisma and focus on hope were simply more appealing to the American people, and although the media did give him an unfair amount of attention in his positive traits and was biased in focusing on his image rather than his experience, Obama didn’t need the media’s framing for it to be known that the way he approached the campaign was much more mature and professional then Clinton. Because people tend to react much stronger to emotional appeals rather than dense, political facts, the fact that Obama handled the campaign better as a person really assisted him to victory (Moldovan, 2009). Clinton’s circumstances may have been further exacerbated not by the media’s bias, but by the fact that in general, people are just harsher when judging a woman. In a representative national sample, 51 percent of the surveyed believed that Americans were not â€Å"ready to elect a woman into high office† (Lawless 74). In general, women are more likely to receive media coverage based on their appearance, feminine traits, and ability to handle women’s issues. The situation was worsened by fact that Clinton was not the average female candidate. From the perceived lack of affection towards her pets to her hard, tough demeanor, Clinton lacked many of the stereotypical womanly characteristics people expected from her. But as soon as she cried after her New Hampshire victory, the press had an unnecessarily generous and negative focus on these womanly qualities. Although there is a general and accepted consensus that Clinton did not lose the race because she was a woman, she was forced to operate in a sexist environment and deal with different expectations and standards. Thus, her campaign in general was more difficult as voters relied on stereotypical ideas of women and men’s attributes, affecting the way people judged and viewed her differently from Obama. In this case, the media may not have been biased against Clinton, but simply reinforcing these sexist norms (Lawless 2009). A further reason why these biases may not be as strong as they are claimed is demonstrated by Watts, Domoke, Shah, and Fan. After examining shifts in public perception of media bias, press coverage of media bias, and coverage in presidential campaigns, they concluded that the rise in the belief of media bias is a result of increasing news self-coverage focusing on the topic of news content bias itself. These authors discovered that a lot of people’s evaluation of media credibility is misinformed, especially when comes to political news and campaign coverage. In presidential campaigns, candidates may merely be attempting to generate support for themselves and opposition for their opponents, not intentionally wanting to create bias. With the increase in these patterns, allegations of biases may now be a part of the presidential campaign rhetoric, and journalists feel increasing pressure to make these claims of the existence of biases to prove that they are not biased themselves. The rise in media sources has further contributed to the pressure traditional media sources have felt to reinforce their reliability by supporting claims of biases. Doing so not only generates credibility from their audience, but their peers as well. In consequence, a cyclic effect has taken place in which news media find their attention as sources of information in political campaigns to be of increasing importance. In these ways, biases that are claimed to exist may not be as severe—or even existent—as people believe them to be. Due to these historical, situational, and personal matters, the negative biases against Clinton may not have been as frequent and harsh as they seemed, although biases against her existed for sure. In both agenda setting and framing, the media seemed to be against her as she received less coverage overall, and the coverage she did received tended to be harsher than the coverage on Obama. Other biases that were claimed to exist, however, such as emphasis on her marriage to Bill Clinton, however, may not really have been biases, but true, negative facts that just didn’t help her campaign. In addition, she was operating under a sexist environment, so it cannot be said that the media was being biased against her gender since everyone else was too. Finally, assertions of biases may not have actually arisen from real biases, but could have been a result from increasing news self-coverage focusing on the topic of news content bias. Overall, as Moldovan points out, the press’ true biases lay in conflict, because conflict generates both viewers and revenue. It just happened to be that out of the two candidates, Hilary Clinton had more problems to talk about. Works Cited Lawless, Jennifer L. â€Å"Sexism and Gender Bias in Election 2008: A More Complex Path for Women in Politics. † Politics Gender (2009): 70-80. Print. â€Å"Media Bias in Presidential Elections: A Meta Analysis. † Journal of Communication 50. 4 (2000): 133-56. Print. Miller, Melissa K. , Jeffrey S. Peake, and Brittany Anne Boulton. Testing the Saturday Night Live Hypothesis: Fairness and Bias in Newspaper Coverage of Hillary Clinton’s Presidential Campaign. † Politics Gender (2010): 169-98. Print. Raluca, Moldovan. â€Å"A TALE OF TWO CLINTONS: MEDIA BIAS IN THE COVERAGE OF HILLARY CLINTON’S 2008 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN1. † Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Studia Europaea (2009): 41-59. Print. Watt s, Mark D. , et al. â€Å"Elite Cues and Media Bias in Presidential Campaigns – Explaining Public Perceptions of a Liberal Press. † Communication Research 26. 2 (1999): 144-75. Print. How to cite Media Bias in the Election of 2008, Papers

Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences? Answer: Introduction The climate change is one of the major concerns of environmental degradation that the modern this society have to face. Due to the increased activities of the modern human, there has been a significant pressure upon the natural resources including fossil fuels. The use of the fossil fuel is associated with release of greenhouse gases which includes carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. These greenhouse gases are mainly responsible for the cause of climate change and global warming. The long term effect of this climate change can have a catastrophic effect upon the human society by disturbing the natural ecological balance (Head et al. 2014) In this current assignment, the focus will be upon the future effect and consequence of Climate Change that is feared to affect the city of Sydney in Australia by the year 2030 and 2070. It is important to mention that Sydney being the largest Metropolitan city of Australia has to be at the pressure of overpopulation. This is one of the major causes of environmental degradation in the form of climate change. The current report will discuss in details about the long term and short term effect of global warming up on the city of Sydney. The issues will be discussed upon the adaptation policies that are implemented in order to minimize the catastrophic effects associated with climate change. Climate change in Sydney Being one of the largest and populated Metropolitan cities of the world, Sydney is one of the worst affected areas that have faced the effects of global warming and climate change. It is believed that the average temperature of the city will increase by nearly about 50% more compared to any other Metropolitan cities in Australia (Department of the Environment and Energy, 2017). Due to the increase demand of energy, there is a huge pressure up on the natural resources of the Sydney. The city is located at the coastal area of Eastern Pacific region. This is also the region of coastal basin in Pacific Ocean. Hence, the geographical position City makes it more vulnerable towards the climate change due to the fact that the coastal areas are highly prone to increased sea level (Wroe et al. 2013). The estimated population of Sydney and other surrounding areas in the state of New South Wales is estimated to be around 7.2 million, which was according to the report of 2016. This accounts for nearly 32% of the total Australian population (Lawrence et al. 2013). There are about 65000 local and commercial houses located in the coastal areas of Sydney. The total distance that is covered by the road in Sydney is estimated to be around 4800 km (Banwell et al. 2015). additionally; there are about 320 km of railway track in and around the city of Sydney. It is estimated that with the sea level rise of 1.1 m most of the commercial houses and roads of Sydney vulnerable to danger. Has the city will have to face huge amount of commercial loss due to the effect of climate change. According to current estimation, the total loss of commercial and private property due to the effect of rising sea level can be up to 20 billion Australian dollars (Department of the Environment and Energy, 2017). High level of sea rise that can occur in the city of Sydney is due to the fact that on average, it has been noted that the state of New South Wales have encounter 1 Degree rise in the average temperature. It is also believed that if the present rate of Climate Change continues by the year 2030 there will be a significant all in the precipitation level within the city. On the other hand, there is a chance the total distribution of rainfall will be highly uneven. In some areas of Sydney and other parts of New South Wales, rainfall is expected to increase by 7%. On the other hand, in some areas the rainfall is expected to go down by 13% (Department of the Environment and Energy, 2017). This unequal distribution of rainfall can result in natural calamities, which can include flood in one area and draught in the other at simultaneous time. Decrease rainfall in certain areas can result in shortage of water in the flow of local water bodies. The average rate of humidity is also expected to go down due to shortage of rainfall. With the average temperature of Sydney going up, it is predicted that the summer season will last longer in the recent future. The average temperature of the summer season will be expected 26 degree Celsius. It is also believe that the chilling winter season will last for shorter duration with the average temperature really going below zero degrees Celsius. The average rate of increase of the local climatic temperature is also expected to increase significantly at a rate of 6.4 degree Celsius per year. This case will likely to be evident by the year 2070 (Bell 2016). The average rainfall throughout the year is also expected to go down by almost 40% by 2070. Hence, in long term process, the effect of climate change can result in dry weather with less amount of rainfall in the city of Sydney. The climate change can also disturb the wind pattern in the Sydney coast. This can result in increased frequency of severe Storms, which will have the capability to destroy significant amount of the property (Howes, et al. 2015). Effect of Climate Change on water reservoirs As the total amount of average rainfall will be affected due to the effect of climate change, it is evident about the fact that the amount of water that are stored in the local reserves will dry up significantly. Currently it is estimated that the total water storage capacity of the currently existing reserve is about 2600 GL (El-Zein and Tonmoy 2015). The neighboring Hawkesbury-Nepean is one of the major source water flows within the city. The upstream movement direction of the water flow is responsible for filling up the entire major Reservoir for futures storage (Poloczanska et al. 2013). Due to the shortage of rainfall which is expected by the year of 2030, the rate of water inflow will go down significantly due to crises of freshwater. One of the major this that are associated with this process is due to the fact that low rate of water flow can increase the risk of fungal growth within the water pipeline, thereby increasing the risk of water contamination and spreading of various water borne diseases. The salinity level of the water is also expected to go up due to the fact that there is a crisis of fresh water. Due to the decrease level of water flow, the overall amount of storage of fresh water in the Reservoir is expected to go down by almost 20% in the year 2050 (Green et al., 2017). Proper contingency measures are also taken due to the fact that it is important to make plans according to the situations that help to deal with the cases related to the water crisis. The water conservation program initiated from the Australian authority of Water Department is one of the significant steps that are implemented due to the facts related to the future water crisis situations (Amelung and Nicholls 2014). Effects of Climate Change on agriculture The small scale agricultural farms in the areas of Sydney and other parts of New South Wales are entirely dependent upon the inflow of water from the reservoirs. Nevertheless, due to irregular water distribution flow the small scale farmers are highly affected. There is also a chance of decline of seasonal crops, due to irregular pattern of with exchange that include longer duration of summer and low level of chilling weather during the winter (Parker et al. 2017). It is essential for the farmers of all scales to have proper skill training development program by the year 2030, which will be a major part of the adoption planning program that can be developed by the government. This can help them to take proper action plan in order to reduce the severity of water shortage effect in agricultural farms (Alston 2017). Effect of climate change on the society Increase population within the city of Sydney is mainly caused due to the fact of Refugee movements. It can be said that increase level of population, there is a significant pressure upon the natural resources in the areas of Sydney, which in turn is responsible for excessive secretion of greenhouse gases. The change in the climatic pattern can give rise to several contaminated disease among the local population is Sydney. The shortage of water supply can also give rise to various water borne diseases among the local population (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014). The housing pattern in the city also has to be modified in future,which is needed to deal with the natural calamities including storms and flood. The adaptation taken planning in the construction work is essential in this context to deal with the upcoming effects of the climate and weather change (Stocker 2014). Conclusion In the conclusion note it can be said that Sydney being one of the most populated cities of Australia and in global scale, it is one of the worst affected cities in the world due to the Consequences of climate change. The report has described about the effect of climate change upon the geography of the local region. This can affect the local water supply and agricultural process along with the lifestyle of normal people due to the fact that there will be increased risk of various diseases. With the help of proper Action Plan for the future and adaptation policies,it is for city of Sydney to minimize the catastrophic effect associated with climate change. Reference Alston, M., 2017. 8 The Genderness of Climate Change, Australia. Gender and Rural Globalization: International Perspectives on Gender and Rural Development, p.100. Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S., 2014. Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, pp.228-244. Banwell, C., Dixon, J., Bambrick, H., Edwards, F. and Kjellstrom, T., 2015. The sociocultural context of climate change adaptation in Australia, with a focus on hot weather. In Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections Based on Tony McMichael's Four Decades of Contribution to Epidemiological Understanding (pp. 379-392). Australian National University. Bell, A., 2016. Media (mis) communication on the science of climate change.Public understanding of science. Department of the Environment and Energy.(2017). Department of the Environment and Energy. [online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science/impacts/nsw [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. El-Zein, A. and Tonmoy, F.N., 2015. Assessment of vulnerability to climate change using a multi-criteria outranking approach with application to heat stress in Sydney. Ecological Indicators, 48, pp.207-217. Green, D., Pitman, A., Barnett, A., Kaldor, J., Doherty, P. and Stanley, F., 2017.Advancing Australia's role in climate change and health research.Nature Climate Change, 7, pp.103-106. Head, L., Adams, M., McGregor, H.V. and Toole, S., 2014. Climate change and Australia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(2), pp.175-197. Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K. and Burton, P., 2015. Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(5), pp.757-776. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. Climate Change 2014Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Regional Aspects. Cambridge University Press. Lawrence, G., Richards, C. and Lyons, K., 2013. Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change. Journal of Rural Studies, 29, pp.30-39. Parker, L.M., Scanes, E., O'Connor, W.A., Coleman, R.A., Byrne, M., Prtner, H.O. and Ross, P.M., 2017. Ocean acidification narrows the acute thermal and salinity tolerance of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostreaglomerata. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122(1-2), pp.263-271. Poloczanska, E.S., Brown, C.J., Sydeman, W.J., Kiessling, W., Schoeman, D.S., Moore, P.J., Brander, K., Bruno, J.F., Buckley, L.B., Burrows, M.T. and Duarte, C.M., 2013. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nature Climate Change, 3(10), pp.919-925. Stocker, T. ed., 2014. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Wroe, S., Field, J.H., Archer, M., Grayson, D.K., Price, G.J., Louys, J., Faith, J.T., Webb, G.E., Davidson, I. and Mooney, S.D., 2013. Climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(22), pp.8777-8781.