Importance of English in the Current Job Market

Different - Essay Example Be that as it may, IBM card arranging and punch cards, which are viewed as forerunner to PC, were imagined. IBM through the German’s auxiliary followed the Jewish annihilation. In excess of 2000 machines were dispatched through Europe and Germany. Figure 1: A Dehomag Hollerith machine (Source: Black, 2001) An American designer named Vannevar Bush built up the enormous simple PC as an exact gadget than the past one of every 1930. It was a significant accomplishment in the processing scene as prior gadgets were not dependable in figuring. Claude Shannon who was an American electronic specialist, mathematician and cryptographer dealt with the â€Å"Communication in Presence of Noise† and distributed this report after 1949 because of World War II. Claude E. Shannon demonstrated the testing hypothesis dependent on the Nyquist’s results. This work was done in 1940 yet distributed after the 1949 (Normsn 2013). The Horward Aiken who thought that it was adequate for the f ulfillment of computers’ needs at first assessed six electronic advanced processing. IBM dealt with the Aiken’s forecast and came about into an advancement of IBM Stretch PCs of 1959. This improvement got important for the putting away of million numbers in the RAM as appeared in the figure. Figure 2: Length of Console (Source: Kopplin, 2002) Transformation in the PC hardware was seen during 1960s. Early PCs were in size of centralized computer and afterward shrivel into the minicomputers. Significant improvement was seen when documents were put away on the taps and got to without inclusion of any outsider. Extra highlights like little PCs, interfaces dependent on consoles, and interfaces were remembered for 1972. PCs for the individual use were critically evolved. PC Interface encouraged the movements in the new examples (Turner 2006). In 1981, IBM presented a progressively moderate PC with an easy to understand structure, and working framework having a portable scree n. The utilization of PCs has become on an across the board in the workplaces, homes, and schools. Presentation of microchips in the mid 1980s made it workable for a few fabricates to make the chips dependent on the DSP. The information signal preparing is a gadget with a local code. The DSP chips are skilled to convey the a great many tasks for each a second (Poornachandra and Sasikala 2010). In mid 1990s, the computerized world moved towards the models of the picture handling equipment by the advancement of single sheets. These sheets were perfect for the transports of market norms. The picture handling equipment contains the digitizer and equipment for essential tasks known as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). The digitizer midpoints the pictures as fast as could reasonably be expected. This advancement made workable for clamor decrease. The picture handling additionally came about into the extra room with megabytes (Gonzalez and Woods, 2009). Creating of the long guidance word de sign empowered the numeric and escalated calculations. Computerized separating utilized in the preparing of various video signals decreases the clamor impacts or debasement pixels in video or pictures (Parker and Dhanani 2013). These occasions were chosen since progress in computerized processing passed through a history. History specialist of registering introduced the commitment of the principle players in fortifying of the correspondence and with regards to modern

Marketing Project Essay free essay sample

Question 1: Define promoting and diagram the means in the advertising procedure. Answer: Though the vast majority are completely mindful of the idea of showcasing and have encountered the excitement and master that advertisers make, few have the information on the meaning of promoting in universal terms. As per most showcasing masters, advertising is a lot of exercises intended to organize and advance an item or administration through brand picture and observation (Marketing power, 2009).Building a recognition and incentive about a specific item through promoting procedures, for example, division, situating and utilizing innovativeness are the qualities of advertising. Showcasing is definitely not a solitary movement and is maybe one of the most significant ones of an association depending on buyer products for its benefits. For instance, the advertising exercises of Pepsi have a more noteworthy financial plan than the creation spending plan; these insights are astounding as well as they give the normal man a thought of how significant showcasing is, as a movement to firms selling shopper products. We will compose a custom exposition test on Advertising Project Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The way toward promoting is a lot of steps characterized straightly anyway is followed in a manner best portrayed as between connected. Every action powers the results of the past action and hence one may move to and fro the stepping stool so as to arrive at an ideal objective. The showcasing procedure is arranged as:1. Understanding the mission/vision of the association Being the main impetus of the organization, the drawn out crucial the organization additionally is the guide that moves the advertising targets and approaches that advertisers need to hold fast to in their examination. There are a few occurrences of the2. Assess the qualities of the association through a promoting/inner review. Qualities and shortcomings ought to be recognized through review to know about competitors’ potential activities against one. Envisioning their moves dependent on organization information and statistical surveying is a significant strategy that empowers company’s to construct and adjust their own advertising structure. Some of the time organizations have been fruitful not on the grounds that they had remarkable promoting programs, but since they had the option to think of progressive administrations dependent on the assessment of their competitors.3. Know your customerThe client is the principle substance without which the reason for creation, advertising and every single other action is lost. Consequently, advertisers need to know their clients inside and out †their socioeconomics, mystic and examples in their buying propensities. 4. Build up a lot of showcasing objectives and objectivesEvery promoting program is made to accomplish certain things †these are the objectives and targets. These ought to be characterized heretofore with extraordinary consideration so the reason for the showcasing project can be justified.5. Plan reasonable and mass intrigue advancement strategiesCosts caused in advertising efforts can be enormous and in this manner ought to be investigated. Showcasing efforts must be as low in costs as could reasonably be expected but should concentrate on a huge section of the objective market following the various types of advertising †print, TV, radio and different types of promoting including web advertising relying upon the item or administration (Buerstatte, 2004).6. Build up an advertising planA promoting plan is a far reaching program with nitty gritty postings of the showcasing approach, crucial, and goals just as the instruments that will be utilized for the advertising of items. The idea of the promoting plan is additionally reported in this deliverable.7. Execution EvaluationEvaluation bit by bit of the advancement of the exercises and procedures in the advertising stages is fundamental. This recognizes whether the promoting stages are incorporated with each Question 2: Describe the components of a client driven showcasing technique and blend and the powers that impact it. Answer: Customer is the ruler, is a notable saying both among advertisers and nonmarketers. Individuals comprehend the significance of the client in the advertising cycle. Along these lines advertising procedures and crusades ought to be engaged and coordinated towards the shoppers (Donaldson, 2008).The blend for a client arranged showcasing technique establishes of a legitimate division idea, item situating, proper objective promoting and item separation. In spite of the fact that these are itself wide ideas, the center is to recognize the customer profile, dismember it into different segments and use it to base the situating, separation and target showcase strategies.For model, Mountain Dew targets youths and individuals ready to go wild and have an overdose of insane fun. Understanding this as the general profile of its shopper, its promotions are totally confined on this subject where individuals are demonstrated performing insane tricks. The item has been separated based on the buyer showcase, its objective market is a smaller bundle of â€Å"very silly† individuals and its promotions are equipped towards a specific portion of the shopper p opulation.Considering the above realities, it gets imperative to comprehend the elements that influence a purchaser advertising methodology. Since buyers have fluctuating preferences for terms of the scattering concerning age, pay and other demographical factors, it is essential for advertisers to utilize their â€Å"sixth sense† in creating purchaser arranged methodologies in the event that they need individual and hierarchical achievement (Donaldson, 2008).A client driven showcasing system ought to be impacted by the accompanying factors:Fashion: What was once hot is today the most obsolete and giggled upon outfit. Such is the example of design and changing inclinations among the shopper advertise. Nothing stays perpetually and advertisers comprehend this better than any other individual. Consistent development and statistical surveying is important to make changes to effective buyer situated advertising ideas with the end goal for them to hold their wins.Demographics: Without data about socioeconomics, advertisers would be like people discovering needles in a heap of feed. It would be a truly inconceivable assig nment to locate the correct client and all advertising spending plans would wander off. Consequently utilizing distributed national reports and self research associations get some answers concerning the demographical idea of the market and draw out their items joined by proper advertising systems (Etzel, Walker Stanton, 2000).Psychology and Buying Behavior: A youth purchasing a razor is a lot of not the same as a moderately aged man purchasing the equivalent. Advertisers expect that the youth is assessing razors and along these lines would pay more to draw in him than pull in a moderately aged man. This is on the grounds that moderately aged individuals generally follow an orderly and steady purchasing behavior while adolescents will in general make a special effort more than now and again to check out another item or two to fulfill their interests. Question 3: Describe the natural powers that influence the company’s capacity to support its clients. Answer. Aside from the inner smaller scale natural factors that cause disappointment, there are six significant large scale ecological elements that can mess up associations in serving their clients completely. The inside condition of an association is influenced by providers, promoting delegates and imaginative arrangements suppliers (the advertisement originators) (Czerwonka, 2008). At the point when we examine the capacity of a firm to meet its customers’ prerequisites and requests, we need to comprehend the idea of value also. Quality is characterized as the degree to which client necessities coordinate the planned item. This is anyway an exceptionally unclear definition which can't be taken into full trust in a shopper showcase situation. For instance, a tire might be worked to the consumers’ prerequisites but it may not be sufficiently strong to â€Å"satisfy† the customers’ needs (Donaldson, 2008).When examining the six significant small scale ecological powers that hamper associations from connecting with their clients completely, it ought to be recollected that it is the nature of administration that is commonly influenced much of the time. Amount is com monly influenced just when an interest exists in surplus for a specific item or administration for different reasons. The six elements are as per the following: Social Cultural Segment Financial Political Characteristic Mechanical (Etzel, Walker Stanton, 2000) Socio and social variables are naturally a factor that restrains firms in coordinating the desires for their clients. The Coca Cola ad disappointment in the Gulf where the promoter neglected to perceive the etymological contrast in the middle of English and (Arabic is perused from option to left) was an extraordinary learning exercise for marketers.Demographical changes because of globalization and quick development rates have prompted more current sections in the market who have tweaked needs. For instance, the telecommuter was not known about 20 years back. Also, today, tele-working is among the quickest developing callings over the globe †this has made an interest flexibly hole which firms presently can't seem to meet by offering altered items. In this way promoting divisions need to comprehend the changing socioeconomics and afterward in like manner plan for more current developments, items and services.Financial circumstances have consistently been center restricting elemen ts. Directly from the issues of financing to liquidity and credit issues, firms are confronted with extension and compensation situations if the earth is truly shaky and financially not suitable. Models remember flimsy monetary conditions for Kenya and Philippines prompting a few organizations keeping up their the norm and not going for imaginative thoughts in order to ration their profits.Political insecurity and disturbance are national level conditions which must be maintained a strategic distance from once they happen. Anticipate

20+ Simple Habits That Make You Look More Professional

20+ Simple Habits That Make You Look More Professional Professionalism is of utmost importance at the workplace. It is the key to being entrusted with more and more responsibilities and moving up the corporate ladder. Unfortunately, many people confuse being a professional with having a college degree and dressing in a suit and tie. Being professional is more than that. It entails a set of traits that make you come across as competent, respectful and reliable. It is about how you conduct yourself when interacting with clients and colleagues. It is about being at home in your chosen profession. Most of all, being a professional is about giving others the confidence that they can actually trust you to do what you are supposed to do.  The good thing is that anyone can learn how to look more professional and thus increase their chances of success in the corporate world. In this article, we look at 20+ simple habits that will make you look more professional. Let’s dive in.1. BE ORGANIZEDIt is impossible to look professional without being or ganized. Imagine your boss asking you for an important document, but you can’t seem to remember where you placed it. As you rummage through your drawers searching for the document, your boss will probably be wondering what kind of incompetent idiot he hired. Being organized means you know what you are supposed to be doing at any particular moment. It means you know the tasks that need to be prioritized or delegated. It means you know the emails that need to be acted on and which ones you are yet to read. It means that you can quickly locate any documents you need to do your work. Being organized improves your productivity and makes you more efficient, which in turn makes you look more professional. Employees who are well organized are also more likely to receive promotions.To become more organized, start by decluterring your desk and arranging your files so that you can easily find what you need. Ensure that the documents on your files are well organized and can be easily accessed . Ensure your email is organized. Use a planner or a to-do list to keep track of everything that needs to be done to ensure you don’t miss deadlines. Take notes of important things that are brought to your attention. These little things will make you better at your work, which will in turn make you come across as more professional.2. PUNCTUALITYNothing screams unprofessionalism like someone who does not know how to manage their time. If you want to be look professional, you will need to become better at managing time. This means arriving to work on time, being in time for any meetings you need to attend and notifying the manager in case you think you will be late because of one reason or the other. Being a good time manager means being aware of your deadlines and managing your work to ensure you meet the deadlines. It also means respecting other people’s time and being punctual for your appointments. 3. DRESS THE PARTDressing appropriately is an important part of looking profess ional, and is among one of the major things most people think of when they think about looking professional. The truth is that most people will judge you based on your appearance, which means how you dress is an extension of the company’s brand. Therefore, you need to ensure that you dress professionally. Picture this; if you went to hire a financial manager and found someone dressed in a t-shirt, sweatpants and slippers, would you entrust him with your money? Not likely. However, if the person was well dressed in a suit and tie, you would have no problem giving him the power to make financial decisions for you. Dressing professionally also increases your confidence and makes more comfortable even in new or tough situations. Luckily, many offices have a dress code, so it is unlikely that you will come to the office in your pajamas. Even if your office does not have a dress code, it is best to stick to official clothing. Showing up in a t-shirt and jeans will likely earn you a trip to the boss’s office. 4. BE RELIABLEProfessional people are dependable. Being reliable means clients and colleagues know that they can trust you to do what you said you will do, when you said you will do it. It means being consistent with your work. Being reliable also means that you can step in and save the day when things are not going as they should. Most of all, being reliable means not giving people any unwanted surprises, such as going missing on the day you were supposed to make an important presentation. Showing that you are reliable will help you have better relationships with your colleagues. You are also less likely to be laid off when your boss knows you are dependable. Finally, if you show you can be relied on, you are more likely to get great recommendations once you decide to move. 5. BE A GOOD COMMUNICATORTo be seen as someone who is professional, you need to be a good communicator. The workplace requires you to constantly interact with clients, colleagues and you r superiors. The better you are at communicating with these people, the more professional you will appear. To be a good communicator, you need to be a good listener. You need to learn how to communicate clearly and concisely. Communicating professionally does not mean using complicated words and jargon that will leave everyone confused. Instead, you should use simply language to ensure everyone understands what you are trying to say. Communication at work is not restricted to verbal communication. Being a good communicator also means communicating effectively through written communication/emails and responding promptly to such communication from others. Good communication is so important that a number of studies â€" including this LinkedIn analysis, this university research, this business survey and this employability study â€" have found it to be one of the most importance traits for employability. 6. CONFIDENCEIt is impossible to look professional when you don’t have self-confid ence. Actually, according to this survey, there is a strong link between confidence and occupational success. Confidence is a state of mind where you know what you are doing, what you are good at and what you stand for. Confidence also involves acting in a manner that shows others you know what you are doing. Confidence makes you look professional for a number of reasons. If you are confident, you won’t be afraid to share your ideas and opinions. You won’t be afraid to take up challenges and responsibilities. You won’t be afraid to make decisions or take risks at the workplace. In addition, others are more likely to believe in you when they can see that you believe in yourself.  7. BE ACCOUNTABLEIf you want to look professional, you should be accountable for your actions at all times. This means that you should place responsibility to get things done on yourself. If you are unable to get things done on time or if you make mistakes, own your mistake and find ways to fix it. If you notice things going wrong, don’t be afraid to bring it to your boss’s attention and propose ways to fix it. People who are not accountable will often look for people or things to blame whenever they make mistakes. Looking for scapegoats every time you screw things up will make you look unprofessional and will affect your workplace relationships with your colleagues and superiors. 8. MAINTAIN A POSITIVE ATTITUDEProfessional people are always positive and motivated in whatever they do. Having a positive attitude means that you are willing to keep pushing even when things are not going as they should. It means that you are always upbeat about the work you need to do. Positive people are willing to look for solutions and will motivate others to give their all at work. Positive people are also more receptive to feedback and criticism. Instead of getting angry when they are given negative feedback, positive people use it as an opportunity to learn and improve themselves. Positive people are easier to work with, which in turn makes your colleagues and bosses view you as someone who is professional.9. BE RESPECTFULBeing a professional requires you to treat everyone equally and with respect. Regardless of your position within the company, you should be respectful to everyone, whether they are senior or junior to you. You should remain respectful even in situations where you do not agree with your colleagues. For instance, even if you feel that your boss is an airhead who does not know what she is doing, you should keep your opinion to yourself. Talking bad about your superiors behind their backs will only make you seem jealous, immature and unprofessional â€" the complete opposite of what you are trying to achieve. Similarly, you should avoid being rude to others, belittling their intelligence or giving them sarcastic remarks, even if you think what they are saying makes no sense. Being respectful also means that you should respect company policies, even if you feel they don’t make sense. 10. WILLINGNESS TO TAKE CHARGEIf you want to look like a real professional, you should be willing to step up and take charge, even when the situations is outside your comfort zone. Is there a presentation that needs to be made yet no one is willing to volunteer? Step up and volunteer to make the presentation. Has a mistake been made? Take charge and rectify it, even if you did not make the mistake. Does your team need to do something yet the team leader is not around? Step up and get the team started instead of waiting till the team leader arrives. The willingness to take charge, especially in times of crisis will go a great way in establishing you as a professional. 11. STOP WHININGHave you ever worked next to someone who is always complaining? One minute he is complaining about how he is being overworked, the next minute he is complaining about how useless a certain colleague is, and right after he gets into another monologue about he is being underp aid. How does it feel working with such a colleague? Such a person drains your energy, and if you could, you would have them transferred to another floor or department. Well, if you want to look professional, avoid such behaviors. Stop whining or complaining incessantly. This only makes you look immature. Sure, you might feel that you are being underpaid, but how will complaining to your colleague improve your pay? If you honestly feel that you are being underpaid, go talk to your boss and ask him for a raise. In addition, there is a saying that walls have ears. Your whining about how useless the boss is might reach him, landing you in a lot of trouble.12. BE HONEST AND TRUSTWORTHYBeing honest and trustworthy is another set of traits that will make you look more professional, especially in today’s world where people are so used to lying. According to a study at the University of Massachusetts, more than 60% of people will tell a lie in a ten minute conversation. With so many peopl e being to lying, being honest can really make you stand out. Being honest also makes it easier for people to trust you and to forgive you whenever you make a mistake. For instance, if you make a mistake and own up to it, your supervisor will accept your honesty and will be more likely to let it slide. They are also more likely to trust you with something else in future compared to someone who tried to lie about their mistake. Honesty also means being truthful with what you can do. Don’t promise to do something when you know you won’t do it, thereby inconveniencing other people. 13. AVOID OFFICE GOSSIPEvery office has a gossip mill, and it can be very easy to get sucked into it. However, if you want to remain professional, you should avoid it at all costs. Avoid talking about others behind their backs or spreading rumors around the office. The thing with gossip is that it eventually gets to the person being discussed, thereby ruining workplace relationships. This is not somethin g you want if your aim is to remain professional. Concentrating on your work and performance while ignoring any gossip that might be doing rounds in the office shows you are a mature and focused person. Not engaging in gossip also shows that you are someone who respects his colleagues14. BE ETHICAL IN YOUR WORKProfessionalism goes together with ethics. Being ethical is about how you conduct yourself at work. It is about doing the right thing at all times and being a person of integrity. It is about striving to achieve excellence in whatever you do while holding the interests of your clients at heart. For instance, let’s assume that you are an automotive parts salesman. Your manager pays you a bonus every time you sell parts from a certain brand, but you know that they are inferior compared to another brand. Which brand would you sell to a customer who asks you to recommend to a good brand? As a professional, you should recommend the superior brand, even if it does not come with a fat bonus, instead of getting the bonus and having the customer come for a replacement because you sold them an inferior part.15. KEEP YOURSELF KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT YOUR INDUSTRYAs a professional, you should be aware of the latest trends and practices within your field of work. Knowing the latest news about your industry not only positions you as a professional, but also makes it easier for you to do your work and allows you to stand out to your management by proposing solutions and new methods of doing business during company meetings. To keep abreast of the latest news in your industry, you should make a habit of reading widely about your field. Follow major blogs related to your field, read industry magazines and attend industry events.16. LEARN TO TAKE FEEDBACK AND ACT ON ITIt is normal for your supervisor or boss to give you feedback on your performance at work. How you receive this feedback and what you do with it will determine whether you are seen as a professional or not. If you want to be seen as a professional, you should treat feedback as an opportunity for you to learn and improve. Sure, getting negative feedback is not easy. However, you should resist the temptation to get angry or defensive. Keep in mind that the feedback is not about your personality, but rather about your work and performance. By giving you negative feedback, your superior is actually giving you pointers on how to perform better at work. Remaining objective when you receive negative feedback and working on the areas that need improvement not only makes you appear more professional, it also makes you a better performer, boosting your professionalism even further.  17. ADOPT A PROFESSIONAL BODY LANGUAGEProfessionalism is also conveyed by the kind of body language you portray when interacting with others. With studies showing that more 60% of communication takes place non-verbally, you should adopt body language that shows you are a professional who believes in himself and knows w hat he is doing. Look at some of the people who are considered most successful in their fields and watch their body language. Do you notice anything? Professionals display confident body language. You can also look more professional by adopting confident body language. Below are some tips on how to display professional body language.Sit or stand upright. Avoid slouchingAlways hold your head high.Maintain eye contact when talking to someone.Greet people with a firm handshake.Use hand gestures when talking.18. KEEP YOUR WORK AND PERSONAL LIFE SEPARATEJust because you work at the same place does not mean that your colleagues are your personal friends. Therefore, you should not share too much information about your personal life with your coworkers or bosses. Don’t discuss issues to do with your family or medical issues with colleagues. Keep the party you attended over the weekend to yourself, unless the colleague you are talking to is a personal friend you hang out with even when not at work. You should also watch out what you share on your social media profiles if you have friends from work. For instance, you don’t want to share photos of an inebriated you if your boss is going to see them. Either watch what you post or avoid adding workmates to your social media circles. A good idea is to stick to LinkedIn for professional connections and Facebook or Instagram for personal connections.19. SET UP A PROFESSIONAL EMAIL SIGNATUREEmail is one of the major communication channels at work that everyone uses. However, what some might know is that your email is a reflection of you. If you want to appear more professional in your business communication, you should set up a professional signature for your email. This shows that you take your job seriously and that this email is not one you use casually for everything, from sending memes to business communication. In addition, an email signature acts as a digital business card, providing the other person with the inform ation they need in case they have to contact you in future. A professional email signature should be short and concise. The information you need to include in your email signature include your name, job title, company, and your contact information such as email address and your phone number. 20. HAVE A PROFESSIONAL PHONE GREETINGThe first thing you say when you answer your phone also influences whether you will be seen as a professional or not. You don’t want to answer your phone with a casual greeting like “hello?” or “Yes?” Instead, try following up the greeting with your name. For instance, you could say, “Good morning, Greg speaking” or “Hello, this is Annette.” This will sound more professional and mature and will create a good impression to the person on the other end. 21. GO ABOVE AND BEYONDFinally, if you want to be look like a professional who is capable and can be entrusted with even more responsibilities, you should be willing to go above and beyond in w hatever you do. Don’t just do what is required of you and sit back. Instead, once you have performed your required set of duties, anticipate things that need to be done and do them.   If you have ideas that can improve efficiency or productivity, share them with your boss. If a colleague is overloaded with work, offer to help. Doing more than is expected of you will not only make you look more professional, it will also get you noticed, meaning the boss will have you in mind when it’s time for someone to get promoted. WRAPPING UPLooking professional is good for your career. It helps you to stand out from your colleagues and makes it easier for you to go up the corporate ladder faster. While nobody is born a professional, the good thing is that it is something you can learn. By following and implementing the tips shared in this article, you will be well on your way to looking more professional and impressing your boss, which will bring you closer to the success you want.

Mermaid Purse vs. Skate Case

Perhaps youve found a mermaids purse on the beach. Mermaids purses blend really well with seaweed, so you may also have walked right by one. Upon further investigation, you can learn more about what they are. The enchantingly named structures are the egg cases of skates and some sharks. This is why they are also known as skate cases. While some sharks bear live young, some sharks (and all skates) release their embryos in leathery egg cases that have horns and sometimes long tendrils at each corner. The tendrils allow them to anchor to seaweeds or other substrates. Each egg case contains one embryo. The case is made up of a material that is a combination of collagen and keratin, so a dried egg case feels similar to a fingernail.   In some areas, such as in the Bering Sea, skates seem to lay these eggs in nursery areas.  Depending on the species and sea conditions, the embryo may take weeks, months or even years to fully develop. When they hatch out of one end, the baby animals look like miniature versions of their skate or shark parents.   If you find a mermaids purse on the beach or are lucky enough to see a live one in the wild or in an aquarium, look closely -- if the developing skate or shark is still alive, you may be able to see it wiggling around.  You also may be able to see it if you shine a light through one side. The egg cases on the beach are often light and already opened, which means the animal inside has already hatched and left the egg case.   Where to Find a Mermaids Purse Mermaids purses usually get washed or blown to the high tide line of the beach, and they often get wrapped up in (and blend in well with) seaweeds and shells. As youre walking along the beach, walk in the area where shells and ocean debris seems to have washed up, and you might be lucky enough to find a mermaids purse. You may be more likely to find one after a storm.   Mermaids Purse Identification Found a mermaids purse on the beach and want to know where it is from?  Skate and shark species vary by region, but there are some identification guides out there for you beachcombers wanting to identify your finds. Here are the ones Ive found so far: Egg Cases of Alaska (great pamphlet about where baby skates come from)Shark Trust Egg Case Identification Key (UK) Conservation Factors To learn about population sizes and reproduction, some organizations have launched citizen science efforts to have people report and send in egg cases they find on the beach. Click on the links below for more information on reporting mermaids purses that you may find. The Great Egg Case Hunt (Shark Trust, UK)Marine Dimensions (Ireland) References and More Information Florida Museum of Natural History. Shark Biology. Accessed February 28, 2015.Florida Museum of Natural History. Ray and Skate Biology. Accessed February 28, 2015.Shark Trust. The Great Egg Case Hunt Project: Frequently Asked Questions. Accessed February 28, 2015.Weis, J. S. Do Fish Sleep? Fascinating Answers to Questions About Fishes. Rutgers University Press. 217pp.

Being A Slave Worthy Of Manhood - 1149 Words

Being a Slave Worthy of Manhood In the narrative The Life of Frederick Douglass, it is clear that Douglas had a very strong option about the differences between men. He did not seem to have the common out look in the differences between free men and slave, but rather something deeper. He believed that a slave with out hope or drive for a better life was not a true man, but that a true man was someone who was able to respect himself and become someone worthy of respect from others. Throughout, the story of Fredrick Douglass there seems to be many turning points in his journey to becoming what be defined as a man. Douglass seems to believe that even those men that enslaved him are not true men, but that man who was enslaved could become true men by gaining respect and working to better their lot everyday whether enslaved or free. In the beginning of Frederick Douglass s life he was sent to the city to work for a master there. Here Frederick Douglass shows many attributes of a strong growing intelligent man. He shows great respect for himself and even makes strives to better himself as a strong man. He starts by learning his letters from any place in which he is able and even teaches himself how to read. He seems to respect not only himself, but also the boys around him that help him to learn and be the man he was. These are the first examples of true positive men in his life. He never gives a name to these boys but it is clear the respect he holds for them and the gratitudeShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Macbeth894 Words   |  4 PagesZoe Lyon Mrs. Calland Honors CP English 9 13 December 2017 Manhood, Masculinity, and Gender Roles in Macbeth Gender stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about the roles of each gender. In the play Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare shows these stereotypes through the characters and their conflicts and challenges. Throughout the play, we develop an understanding about how the characters’ perspectives on what manhood and masculinity means, plays a huge part in the decisions they makeRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglas s Narrative Of The Life Of A Slave Girl1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmiddle 1800s in southern states, Frederick Douglas highlights the brutal aspects of slavery as he transitions into adulthood and seeks to obtain freedom, something that serves as a source of inspiration for former slaves. Similarly in the slave narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs depicts Linda’s journey to freeing herself from the powerful grasp of slavery while trying to save her relationships with others at the same time. Frederick Douglass and Harrie t Jacobs share theirRead MoreComparing The Slavery Of Frederick Douglass And Harriot Jacobs828 Words   |  4 PagesGiselle Cervantes Professor Baughn History 11 23 October 2017 Slave Narratives Slavery was something cruel and unhuman that many of our brothers and sisters endured. For many years colored men, woman, and children did not have much to live with. The description of the two different narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriot Jacobs are quite distinct, yet so alike in through their experiences as slaves. A similarity between Douglass and Jacobs narratives was that they both described theirRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s identities are influenced by two opposite societies, and even though he tries to prove his manhood and change the framework of brave new world, he can’t gain real acceptance from anywhere. John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savage reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world andRead MoreWho Is The African - American Women ? What Value Does She1774 Words   |  8 Pagesthe constitution. However, we quickly forget that originally when African people came to America they were called â€Å"Savages† (Azevedo 482) this term became the identity of the slaves in America. They were vie wed as subhuman, simple beings, and that they needed guidance to function. The fate of African-American female slaves were victims of â€Å"rape and sexual violence...and African American women have borne the children of their beloved and the children of their oppressors.† (Azevedo 485) â€Å"The idea thatRead MoreJohns Character Development A Brave New World1394 Words   |  6 PagesIn Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s identities are influenced by two opposite societies, and even though he tries to prove his manhood and change the framework of brave new world, he can’t gain real acceptance from anywhere. John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savage reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world andRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Frederick Douglass1251 Words   |  6 Pageswas hopeful as a slave while sharing knowledge to others, plotting escape, and starting his new life as a free man. He also appeals to pathos throughout the entire piece. It would be difficult to describe a life of a slave without doing so, and is caught in his emotions several times. He mentions looking back to the songs the slaves sang and the very thought brings him to tears. His emotions were made apparent when he would describe the separation between him and the few slaves he wished to escapeRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved, Traumatic Memories From The Past Linger1470 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeper meaning; it is when an advantage over another being is unnecessarily used to inflict lasting damage and humiliation out of pleasure and self-fulfillment from the perpetrator. As seen in author Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, traumatic memories from the past linger among the characters as they try to deal with slavery’s scars and move forward in life. Cruelty ap pears in the novel through the people who profited from dehumanizing slaves and the victims who lived under oppression, which showsRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1023 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought from his homeland of Malpais to London. When he arrives he finds that this world is very different from his own. Saddened and angered by the injustice of the society, he attempts to isolate himself from the world. John the Savage’s experience of being exiled from Malpais was enriching in that it showed him the true nature of the Other Place and alienating in that he was separated from his culture and not able to integrate into the new one. This illuminates the meaning of the work in that it showsRead MoreThe Black American Symbol Of Courage, Tenacity, And Gallantry1505 Words   |  7 Pagesand cotton. A lion attacted one of his goats and he did not run. He stayed and thrawted off the attact with nothing more than a sling shot made out of weathered leather This shows his b ravery. When he turned 15, he had to go through his tribe’s manhood initiation ceremony which lasted three days. It was there that he ecncounted the bold and strong wrestler,†¦.He was asked by the leader of the ceremony who would like to fight†¦.first and Kunta readily agreeded. Kunta was tossed around like a ragdoll

Media Bias in the Election of 2008 Free Essays

Connie Zhang Media Bias Against Hilary Clinton in the Election of 2008 The election of 2008 was monumental in many respects, the most significant being the fact that there was a chance that the first woman or African American would become president of the United States. After Obama won the nomination, claims that the media had been negative and unfair to Clinton were examined. In earlier studies conducted by D’Alessio and Allen, it was concluded there were no significant biases in most forms of media. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Bias in the Election of 2008 or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, from the focus of her marriage to the questioning of her social conduct, Clinton was definitely treated differently than Obama was. It is very evident that there was, in fact, negative bias towards Clinton, although it was not as numerous and severe as it seemed to be due to historical, situational, and personal matters. Using meta-analysis, a method that allows for the combination of many studies from relatively few media outlets, D’Alessio and Allen revealed no significant net amount of gatekeeping bias and no significant coverage bias. However, statement bias found in newsmagazines was pro-republican, and those found on TV were pro-democrat. The key here is that the â€Å"net† amount of gatekeeping bias was equal to zero. What this meant was that the number of conservatively biased forms of media was equal to the number of liberally biased forms of media. If someone only read a republican-favoring newspaper, then individually, he would be experiencing media biases which would impact his voting choices despite the fact that â€Å"net† amount of gatekeeping biases was equal to zero. Another important fact demonstrated in this study is that Americans are increasingly relying on TV for campaign information, so they are increasingly exposed to liberal biases, further affecting their political choices. Although D’Alessio and Mike Allen are certainly correct in their claim that the identities of the presidential candidates changed many times, biases most definitely existed in the election of 2008. Using a positive versus negative coverage analysis, Moldovan found substantial evidence that Clinton received less coverage than Obama did. Historically, this trend has been recorded, and in 2008, it held true even when the female candidate, Clinton, was a front runner. Six top newspapers ran 59 stories with Obama being mentioned in the headline, while only 36 mentioned Clinton. Between January 2007 and June 2008, 343 articles were written about Obama, while only 293 were focused on Clinton. In Time magazine, 2 covers featured Clinton, 2 covers featured both Clinton and Obama, and a whopping 25 covers featured Obama only. Clearly, there is a bias favoring Obama in the case of agenda setting. Additionally, Moldovan found that coverage of Clinton was more negatively framed than Obama’s was, in both specific cases and in general. When Clinton cried after winning the New Hampshire primaries, there was plenty of coverage deeming her a phony trying to rally emotional support as a woman, whereas her victory was extremely likely due to her administration’s superior organization in that state. In contrast, Obama’s condescending â€Å"You’re likeable enough, Hillary†, remark, received substantially less time and focus. Another example where treatment of Obama was not was not as harsh or prolonged as it could have been was in regards to Michelle Obama’s remark about being proud of her country â€Å"for the first time in her life†. Furthermore, the treatment towards Obama’s connections to anti-American individuals, such as his former reverend Jeremiah Wright, was softer in comparison to criticism of Clinton’s fashion, lack of womanly characteristics, and marriage. Overall, Clinton’s coverage was more negative than Obama’s, from the amount the media covered her weaknesses to the way it framed them. But all the biases claimed to have existed may not really have been actual biases, as Moldovan further explains. Some may have only been believed to been there as a result of historical, situational, and personal situations. The year 2008 was a crucial time. The country was in the worst recession since the Great Depression, with foreign tensions only aggravating the situation. Despite Clinton’s political prowess, her marriage to Bill Clinton and its scandalous complications gave her a very â€Å"yesterday† feeling that Americans did not need in such a dire time. Additionally, her refusal to disclose her tax returns increased the feelings of secrecy that retrogressively reminded people of the Nixon and Bush administration. Furthermore, coming out of George W. Bush’s rule, the fact that she was a Clinton added to the feeling of the persistence of a family dynasty that Americans did not want again. Finally, Clinton’s approach to the campaign itself was not only perceived negatively, but was in fact negative. Clinton’s method to winning focused on questioning Obama’s foreign policy experience, military capabilities, and economic policies. Her offensive remarks about Obama’s kindergarten essay and her red phone call ad were things that didn’t need the media’s framing or bias for people to recognize that they were disrespectful and unappealing. Although the press unnecessarily focused on these negative aspects, it cannot be denied that most of Clinton’s campaign was, in fact negative in itself due to the fact that it had been an attack on Obama’s flaws as a person, rather than a logical and fair assessment of his abilities and potential as a leader (Moldovan, 2009). When coupled with the fact that Obama revealed his maturity and professionalism by focusing on substance rather than resorting to mud-slinging, the situation worsened for Clinton. Additionally, the most negative coverage about Obama may have emphasized a trait that would have been unattractive in other times, but in this situation, served to help him. The media revealed Obama’s â€Å"elitism†, from his food choices, to his education, to his up-scale Chicago neighborhood. Normally, this would have harmed a candidate’s campaign, but in 2008 when Americans really needed a talented and intelligent president, it seemed to make sense to want more than just an average American candidate. Despite his race and lack of professional experience, in contrast to Clinton’s feelings of backwardness and her attack tactics, Obama’s youthful charisma and focus on hope were simply more appealing to the American people, and although the media did give him an unfair amount of attention in his positive traits and was biased in focusing on his image rather than his experience, Obama didn’t need the media’s framing for it to be known that the way he approached the campaign was much more mature and professional then Clinton. Because people tend to react much stronger to emotional appeals rather than dense, political facts, the fact that Obama handled the campaign better as a person really assisted him to victory (Moldovan, 2009). Clinton’s circumstances may have been further exacerbated not by the media’s bias, but by the fact that in general, people are just harsher when judging a woman. In a representative national sample, 51 percent of the surveyed believed that Americans were not â€Å"ready to elect a woman into high office† (Lawless 74). In general, women are more likely to receive media coverage based on their appearance, feminine traits, and ability to handle women’s issues. The situation was worsened by fact that Clinton was not the average female candidate. From the perceived lack of affection towards her pets to her hard, tough demeanor, Clinton lacked many of the stereotypical womanly characteristics people expected from her. But as soon as she cried after her New Hampshire victory, the press had an unnecessarily generous and negative focus on these womanly qualities. Although there is a general and accepted consensus that Clinton did not lose the race because she was a woman, she was forced to operate in a sexist environment and deal with different expectations and standards. Thus, her campaign in general was more difficult as voters relied on stereotypical ideas of women and men’s attributes, affecting the way people judged and viewed her differently from Obama. In this case, the media may not have been biased against Clinton, but simply reinforcing these sexist norms (Lawless 2009). A further reason why these biases may not be as strong as they are claimed is demonstrated by Watts, Domoke, Shah, and Fan. After examining shifts in public perception of media bias, press coverage of media bias, and coverage in presidential campaigns, they concluded that the rise in the belief of media bias is a result of increasing news self-coverage focusing on the topic of news content bias itself. These authors discovered that a lot of people’s evaluation of media credibility is misinformed, especially when comes to political news and campaign coverage. In presidential campaigns, candidates may merely be attempting to generate support for themselves and opposition for their opponents, not intentionally wanting to create bias. With the increase in these patterns, allegations of biases may now be a part of the presidential campaign rhetoric, and journalists feel increasing pressure to make these claims of the existence of biases to prove that they are not biased themselves. The rise in media sources has further contributed to the pressure traditional media sources have felt to reinforce their reliability by supporting claims of biases. Doing so not only generates credibility from their audience, but their peers as well. In consequence, a cyclic effect has taken place in which news media find their attention as sources of information in political campaigns to be of increasing importance. In these ways, biases that are claimed to exist may not be as severe—or even existent—as people believe them to be. Due to these historical, situational, and personal matters, the negative biases against Clinton may not have been as frequent and harsh as they seemed, although biases against her existed for sure. In both agenda setting and framing, the media seemed to be against her as she received less coverage overall, and the coverage she did received tended to be harsher than the coverage on Obama. Other biases that were claimed to exist, however, such as emphasis on her marriage to Bill Clinton, however, may not really have been biases, but true, negative facts that just didn’t help her campaign. In addition, she was operating under a sexist environment, so it cannot be said that the media was being biased against her gender since everyone else was too. Finally, assertions of biases may not have actually arisen from real biases, but could have been a result from increasing news self-coverage focusing on the topic of news content bias. Overall, as Moldovan points out, the press’ true biases lay in conflict, because conflict generates both viewers and revenue. It just happened to be that out of the two candidates, Hilary Clinton had more problems to talk about. Works Cited Lawless, Jennifer L. â€Å"Sexism and Gender Bias in Election 2008: A More Complex Path for Women in Politics. † Politics Gender (2009): 70-80. Print. â€Å"Media Bias in Presidential Elections: A Meta Analysis. † Journal of Communication 50. 4 (2000): 133-56. Print. Miller, Melissa K. , Jeffrey S. Peake, and Brittany Anne Boulton. Testing the Saturday Night Live Hypothesis: Fairness and Bias in Newspaper Coverage of Hillary Clinton’s Presidential Campaign. † Politics Gender (2010): 169-98. Print. Raluca, Moldovan. â€Å"A TALE OF TWO CLINTONS: MEDIA BIAS IN THE COVERAGE OF HILLARY CLINTON’S 2008 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN1. † Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Studia Europaea (2009): 41-59. Print. Watt s, Mark D. , et al. â€Å"Elite Cues and Media Bias in Presidential Campaigns – Explaining Public Perceptions of a Liberal Press. † Communication Research 26. 2 (1999): 144-75. Print. How to cite Media Bias in the Election of 2008, Papers

Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences? Answer: Introduction The climate change is one of the major concerns of environmental degradation that the modern this society have to face. Due to the increased activities of the modern human, there has been a significant pressure upon the natural resources including fossil fuels. The use of the fossil fuel is associated with release of greenhouse gases which includes carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. These greenhouse gases are mainly responsible for the cause of climate change and global warming. The long term effect of this climate change can have a catastrophic effect upon the human society by disturbing the natural ecological balance (Head et al. 2014) In this current assignment, the focus will be upon the future effect and consequence of Climate Change that is feared to affect the city of Sydney in Australia by the year 2030 and 2070. It is important to mention that Sydney being the largest Metropolitan city of Australia has to be at the pressure of overpopulation. This is one of the major causes of environmental degradation in the form of climate change. The current report will discuss in details about the long term and short term effect of global warming up on the city of Sydney. The issues will be discussed upon the adaptation policies that are implemented in order to minimize the catastrophic effects associated with climate change. Climate change in Sydney Being one of the largest and populated Metropolitan cities of the world, Sydney is one of the worst affected areas that have faced the effects of global warming and climate change. It is believed that the average temperature of the city will increase by nearly about 50% more compared to any other Metropolitan cities in Australia (Department of the Environment and Energy, 2017). Due to the increase demand of energy, there is a huge pressure up on the natural resources of the Sydney. The city is located at the coastal area of Eastern Pacific region. This is also the region of coastal basin in Pacific Ocean. Hence, the geographical position City makes it more vulnerable towards the climate change due to the fact that the coastal areas are highly prone to increased sea level (Wroe et al. 2013). The estimated population of Sydney and other surrounding areas in the state of New South Wales is estimated to be around 7.2 million, which was according to the report of 2016. This accounts for nearly 32% of the total Australian population (Lawrence et al. 2013). There are about 65000 local and commercial houses located in the coastal areas of Sydney. The total distance that is covered by the road in Sydney is estimated to be around 4800 km (Banwell et al. 2015). additionally; there are about 320 km of railway track in and around the city of Sydney. It is estimated that with the sea level rise of 1.1 m most of the commercial houses and roads of Sydney vulnerable to danger. Has the city will have to face huge amount of commercial loss due to the effect of climate change. According to current estimation, the total loss of commercial and private property due to the effect of rising sea level can be up to 20 billion Australian dollars (Department of the Environment and Energy, 2017). High level of sea rise that can occur in the city of Sydney is due to the fact that on average, it has been noted that the state of New South Wales have encounter 1 Degree rise in the average temperature. It is also believed that if the present rate of Climate Change continues by the year 2030 there will be a significant all in the precipitation level within the city. On the other hand, there is a chance the total distribution of rainfall will be highly uneven. In some areas of Sydney and other parts of New South Wales, rainfall is expected to increase by 7%. On the other hand, in some areas the rainfall is expected to go down by 13% (Department of the Environment and Energy, 2017). This unequal distribution of rainfall can result in natural calamities, which can include flood in one area and draught in the other at simultaneous time. Decrease rainfall in certain areas can result in shortage of water in the flow of local water bodies. The average rate of humidity is also expected to go down due to shortage of rainfall. With the average temperature of Sydney going up, it is predicted that the summer season will last longer in the recent future. The average temperature of the summer season will be expected 26 degree Celsius. It is also believe that the chilling winter season will last for shorter duration with the average temperature really going below zero degrees Celsius. The average rate of increase of the local climatic temperature is also expected to increase significantly at a rate of 6.4 degree Celsius per year. This case will likely to be evident by the year 2070 (Bell 2016). The average rainfall throughout the year is also expected to go down by almost 40% by 2070. Hence, in long term process, the effect of climate change can result in dry weather with less amount of rainfall in the city of Sydney. The climate change can also disturb the wind pattern in the Sydney coast. This can result in increased frequency of severe Storms, which will have the capability to destroy significant amount of the property (Howes, et al. 2015). Effect of Climate Change on water reservoirs As the total amount of average rainfall will be affected due to the effect of climate change, it is evident about the fact that the amount of water that are stored in the local reserves will dry up significantly. Currently it is estimated that the total water storage capacity of the currently existing reserve is about 2600 GL (El-Zein and Tonmoy 2015). The neighboring Hawkesbury-Nepean is one of the major source water flows within the city. The upstream movement direction of the water flow is responsible for filling up the entire major Reservoir for futures storage (Poloczanska et al. 2013). Due to the shortage of rainfall which is expected by the year of 2030, the rate of water inflow will go down significantly due to crises of freshwater. One of the major this that are associated with this process is due to the fact that low rate of water flow can increase the risk of fungal growth within the water pipeline, thereby increasing the risk of water contamination and spreading of various water borne diseases. The salinity level of the water is also expected to go up due to the fact that there is a crisis of fresh water. Due to the decrease level of water flow, the overall amount of storage of fresh water in the Reservoir is expected to go down by almost 20% in the year 2050 (Green et al., 2017). Proper contingency measures are also taken due to the fact that it is important to make plans according to the situations that help to deal with the cases related to the water crisis. The water conservation program initiated from the Australian authority of Water Department is one of the significant steps that are implemented due to the facts related to the future water crisis situations (Amelung and Nicholls 2014). Effects of Climate Change on agriculture The small scale agricultural farms in the areas of Sydney and other parts of New South Wales are entirely dependent upon the inflow of water from the reservoirs. Nevertheless, due to irregular water distribution flow the small scale farmers are highly affected. There is also a chance of decline of seasonal crops, due to irregular pattern of with exchange that include longer duration of summer and low level of chilling weather during the winter (Parker et al. 2017). It is essential for the farmers of all scales to have proper skill training development program by the year 2030, which will be a major part of the adoption planning program that can be developed by the government. This can help them to take proper action plan in order to reduce the severity of water shortage effect in agricultural farms (Alston 2017). Effect of climate change on the society Increase population within the city of Sydney is mainly caused due to the fact of Refugee movements. It can be said that increase level of population, there is a significant pressure upon the natural resources in the areas of Sydney, which in turn is responsible for excessive secretion of greenhouse gases. The change in the climatic pattern can give rise to several contaminated disease among the local population is Sydney. The shortage of water supply can also give rise to various water borne diseases among the local population (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014). The housing pattern in the city also has to be modified in future,which is needed to deal with the natural calamities including storms and flood. The adaptation taken planning in the construction work is essential in this context to deal with the upcoming effects of the climate and weather change (Stocker 2014). Conclusion In the conclusion note it can be said that Sydney being one of the most populated cities of Australia and in global scale, it is one of the worst affected cities in the world due to the Consequences of climate change. The report has described about the effect of climate change upon the geography of the local region. This can affect the local water supply and agricultural process along with the lifestyle of normal people due to the fact that there will be increased risk of various diseases. With the help of proper Action Plan for the future and adaptation policies,it is for city of Sydney to minimize the catastrophic effect associated with climate change. Reference Alston, M., 2017. 8 The Genderness of Climate Change, Australia. Gender and Rural Globalization: International Perspectives on Gender and Rural Development, p.100. Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S., 2014. Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, pp.228-244. Banwell, C., Dixon, J., Bambrick, H., Edwards, F. and Kjellstrom, T., 2015. The sociocultural context of climate change adaptation in Australia, with a focus on hot weather. In Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections Based on Tony McMichael's Four Decades of Contribution to Epidemiological Understanding (pp. 379-392). Australian National University. Bell, A., 2016. Media (mis) communication on the science of climate change.Public understanding of science. Department of the Environment and Energy.(2017). Department of the Environment and Energy. [online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science/impacts/nsw [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. El-Zein, A. and Tonmoy, F.N., 2015. Assessment of vulnerability to climate change using a multi-criteria outranking approach with application to heat stress in Sydney. Ecological Indicators, 48, pp.207-217. Green, D., Pitman, A., Barnett, A., Kaldor, J., Doherty, P. and Stanley, F., 2017.Advancing Australia's role in climate change and health research.Nature Climate Change, 7, pp.103-106. Head, L., Adams, M., McGregor, H.V. and Toole, S., 2014. Climate change and Australia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(2), pp.175-197. Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K. and Burton, P., 2015. Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(5), pp.757-776. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. Climate Change 2014Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Regional Aspects. Cambridge University Press. Lawrence, G., Richards, C. and Lyons, K., 2013. Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change. Journal of Rural Studies, 29, pp.30-39. Parker, L.M., Scanes, E., O'Connor, W.A., Coleman, R.A., Byrne, M., Prtner, H.O. and Ross, P.M., 2017. Ocean acidification narrows the acute thermal and salinity tolerance of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostreaglomerata. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122(1-2), pp.263-271. Poloczanska, E.S., Brown, C.J., Sydeman, W.J., Kiessling, W., Schoeman, D.S., Moore, P.J., Brander, K., Bruno, J.F., Buckley, L.B., Burrows, M.T. and Duarte, C.M., 2013. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nature Climate Change, 3(10), pp.919-925. Stocker, T. ed., 2014. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Wroe, S., Field, J.H., Archer, M., Grayson, D.K., Price, G.J., Louys, J., Faith, J.T., Webb, G.E., Davidson, I. and Mooney, S.D., 2013. Climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(22), pp.8777-8781.